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John Robyns
Major General John Robyns, KH, (1780–1857), was a British officer of the Royal Marines who served during the French Revolutionary Wars and earned historically noteworthy military distinctions on the North America and West Indies Station during the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812. As a battalion commander of Royal Marines, Captain John Robyns faced enemy forces which included his counterparts of the United States Marines at Bladensburg, Washington, Baltimore, and New Orleans. In his later years John Robyns served one term as Mayor of Penzance for 1840–41 in his native Cornwall.
== Early Life and Career ==
John Robyns, the son of Thomas Robyns, was christened in the Parish of Madron, in West Cornwall, on 13 May 1780. The private christening, performed by a midwife, probably occurred soon after his birth, if not on the actual day of birth.〔Search Results-FamilySearch.org-Free Family History and Genealogy Records () Note(a):Spelling of father's name given as "Thomas Robins"〕〔West Penwith Resources-Madron & Penzance Baptisms 1756-1888 (4)-() Note(b):Spelling recorded variously as "Robins" or "Robyns"in document collection cited.〕
It may be assumed that young John Robyns received an adequate common school education that was sufficient to prepare him for a commission. He may have served in the Royal Navy or British Army prior to 1796. It is difficult to document this period of his life with precision.〔University of Exeter, The Exeter Institutional Content archive (ERIC): "That most useful body of men": The Operational Doctrine and Identity of the British Marine Corps, 1755-1802. Submitted by Britt Zerbe to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Maritime History. September 2010. ()〕
John Robyns received his commission as a Second Lieutenant of His Majesty's Marine Forces in 1796. Soon afterwards he was ordered to the East Indies where he remained on station nearly five years, earning his promotion to First Lieutenant in 1799. Following his return, shortly prior to the Treaty of Amiens, he was sent to Ireland where he remained on station until his promotion to Captain in 1807. John Robyns was thus still a subaltern when H.M. Corps of Marine Forces was elevated to the dignity of Royal Marines on 29 April 1802. In 1808 Captain Robyns of the Marines sailed for Barbados as part of the expedition under Vice Admiral Alexander Cochrane and Lieutenant General George Beckwith.
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